Language: Proto-East Mindanao
| Source/Author: | Andrew Gallman |
|---|---|
| Notes: | Gallman, Andrew Franklin. 1997. Proto East Mindanao and its Internal Relationships. Philippine Journal of Linguistics, Special Monograph Issue No. 44. Manila, Philippines: Linguistic Society of the Philippines. Apostrophes signify stress, not glottal stops. Proto-forms given in Gallman (1997) are often only reconstructed for lower-level branches. PNEM = Proto-North East Mindanao (ancestral to Surigaonon, Tausug, Butuanon, Mamanwa) PCEM = Proto-Central East Mindanao (ancestral to Kamayo, Davawenyo) PSEM = Proto-South East Mindanao (ancestral to the Mansakan languages of Mansaka, Mandaya, Kalagan) |
| Data Entry: | Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu Checked By: |
| Statistics: |
|
| Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:Philippine |
| Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
- Ethnologue/World Atlas of Language Structures Information is not available
-
[Suggest a resource]
Change History:
Showing 3 of 3 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2011-01-26 09:57:05)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2011-01-24 11:47:05)
- Language Added - Simon Greenhill (2011-01-24 11:43:04)
Entries:
| ID: | Word: | Item: | Annotation: | Cognacy: | Loan: |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand | *alima | PNEM, PCEM | 1 | |
| 2 | left | *wala | |||
| 3 | right |
|
|||
| 4 | leg/foot | *siki | foot, lower leg | ||
| 5 | to walk | *panaw | 2 | ||
| 6 | road/path | *dalan | 1 | ||
| 7 | to come |
|
|||
| 8 | to turn
|
*likuq | PCEM | ||
| 8 | to turn
|
*birik | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 9 | to swim | *laŋuy | 1 | ||
| 10 | dirty | *ripaq | |||
| 11 | dust | *abug | |||
| 12 | skin | *panit | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 13 | back
|
*likud | 1 | ||
| 14 | belly | *tiyan | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 14 | belly | *dɨbdɨb | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 15 | bone | *bɨ'kɨg | |||
| 16 | intestines | *tinaqi | 1 | ||
| 17 | liver | *atay | |||
| 18 | breast | *susu | 1 | ||
| 19 | shoulder | *abaga | |||
| 20 | to know, be knowledgeable | *tigaw | PCEM, PSEM | ||
| 21 | to think | *isip | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 21 | to think | *dɨmdɨm | thought, PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 22 | to fear | *hadlɨk | |||
| 22 | to fear | *talaw | to be afraid to do something, PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 23 | blood | *duguq | |||
| 24 | head | *ulu | 1 | ||
| 25 | neck | *liqɨg | |||
| 26 | hair
|
*buhuk | |||
| 27 | nose | *iruŋ | |||
| 28 | to breathe | *-hawa | PNEM | ||
| 29 | to sniff, smell | *simhut | PNEM | ||
| 30 | mouth | *baqbaq | 1 | ||
| 31 | tooth | *untu | PCEM, PSEM | ||
| 32 | tongue | *dilaq | 4 | ||
| 33 | to laugh | *katawa | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 34 | to cry | *tiyahuq | PCEM | ||
| 35 | to vomit | *suka | |||
| 35 | to vomit | *digwaq | PNEM | ||
| 36 | to spit | *lɨdaq | PNEM | ||
| 37 | to eat | *kaqan | PCEM, PSEM | ||
| 38 | to chew
|
*sɨpaq | to chew something | ||
| 39 | to cook
|
*lutuq | |||
| 40 | to drink | *inɨm | |||
| 41 | to bite | *baŋaq | |||
| 41 | to bite | *kɨtkɨt | to gnaw | ||
| 42 | to suck | *sɨpsɨp | |||
| 43 | ear | *taliŋa | 1 | ||
| 44 | to hear | *dɨŋɨg | |||
| 45 | eye | *mata | 1 | ||
| 46 | to see | *kitaq | |||
| 47 | to yawn | *sigqab | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 48 | to sleep | *turug | |||
| 49 | to lie down
|
*kulaŋ | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 50 | to dream | *-inɨp | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 51 | to sit | *(l)iŋkud | |||
| 52 | to stand | *(t)indɨg | |||
| 53 | person/human being |
|
|||
| 54 | man/male | *ɨsɨg | |||
| 55 | woman/female | *babayi | PCEM | 1 | |
| 55 | woman/female | *bubayi | PCEM | 1 | |
| 56 | child | *anak | offspring | 1 | |
| 57 | husband | *bana | 1 | ||
| 58 | wife | *asawa | |||
| 59 | mother | *inaq | |||
| 60 | father | *amaq | |||
| 61 | house | *balay | |||
| 62 | thatch/roof | *a'tɨp | |||
| 63 | name | *ŋaran | |||
| 64 | to say |
|
|||
| 65 | rope | *lubid | |||
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | *bɨgkɨt | |||
| 66 | to tie up, fasten | *hɨkɨt | |||
| 67 | to sew
|
*tahiq | 1 | ||
| 68 | needle | *dagɨm | |||
| 69 | to hunt
|
*anup | |||
| 70 | to shoot
|
|
|||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | *duŋgab | |||
| 71 | to stab, pierce | *tigbak | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 72 | to hit
|
|
|||
| 73 | to steal | *kawat | |||
| 74 | to kill | *patay | 1 | ||
| 74 | to kill | *bunuq | 1 | ||
| 75 | to die, be dead |
|
|||
| 76 | to live, be alive | *buhiq | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 77 | to scratch
|
*kalut | |||
| 78 | to cut, hack
|
*tigbas | PNEM | ||
| 79 | stick/wood | *kahuy | tree | ||
| 80 | to split
|
*bɨlaq | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 81 | sharp |
|
|||
| 82 | dull, blunt | *dɨmpɨr | PNEM | ||
| 83 | to work
|
|
|||
| 84 | to plant | *tanɨm | |||
| 85 | to choose | *piliq | 1 | ||
| 86 | to grow
|
*tubuq | PCEM, PNEM | 1 | |
| 87 | to swell
|
*hubag | PCEM | ||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
*pisgaq | |||
| 88 | to squeeze
|
*kɨpɨg | PNEM | ||
| 89 | to hold
|
*kaput | PCEM | ||
| 90 | to dig | *kabut | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 91 | to buy | *bili | |||
| 91 | to buy | *palit | |||
| 92 | to open, uncover | *ukab | |||
| 92 | to open, uncover | *bukas | PSEM | ||
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
*bayu | 1 | ||
| 93 | to pound, beat
|
*bunal | 1 | ||
| 94 | to throw
|
*timbag | |||
| 95 | to fall
|
*hulug | |||
| 96 | dog | *iduq | |||
| 97 | bird | *laŋgam | PCEM, PSEM | ||
| 98 | egg | *itlug | |||
| 99 | feather | *bulbul | |||
| 99 | feather | *lawi | |||
| 99 | feather | *barhibu | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 100 | wing | *kapay | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 101 | to fly | *lɨpad | PNEM | ||
| 102 | rat | *ambaw | |||
| 103 | meat/flesh |
|
|||
| 104 | fat/grease | *tabaq | |||
| 105 | tail | *ikug | |||
| 106 | snake | *halas | PNEM | ||
| 106 | snake | *sawa | python | ||
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | *wa'ti | earthworm | ||
| 107 | worm (earthworm) | *ulud | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 108 | louse
|
*kutu | 1 | ||
| 109 | mosquito |
|
|||
| 110 | spider | *lawaq | 1 | ||
| 111 | fish | *isdaq | |||
| 112 | rotten
|
|
|||
| 113 | branch
|
*saŋa | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 114 | leaf | *dahun | 1 | ||
| 115 | root | *gamut | |||
| 116 | flower | *bulak | 22 | ||
| 116 | flower | *burak | 22 | ||
| 117 | fruit | *buŋa | |||
| 118 | grass |
|
|||
| 119 | earth/soil | *lupaq | |||
| 120 | stone | *batu | 1 | ||
| 121 | sand | *buhaŋin | |||
| 122 | water
|
*tubig | |||
| 123 | to flow |
|
|||
| 124 | sea | *dagat | |||
| 124 | sea | *lawɨd | |||
| 125 | salt | *a'sin | |||
| 126 | lake | *danaw | 1 | ||
| 127 | woods/forest | *guraŋan | |||
| 128 | sky | *laŋit | 1 | ||
| 129 | moon | *bulan | 1 | ||
| 130 | star | *bituqun | |||
| 131 | cloud
|
*gabun | 1 | ||
| 131 | cloud
|
*labun | 1 | ||
| 132 | fog |
|
|||
| 133 | rain | *uran | |||
| 134 | thunder | *dalugdug | PNEM | ||
| 135 | lightning | *kilat | 1 | ||
| 136 | wind | *haŋin | PCEM, PNEM | 1 | |
| 137 | to blow
|
*huyup | |||
| 138 | warm
|
|
|||
| 139 | cold
|
*tignaw | cold (as of water) | ||
| 139 | cold
|
*hagkɨt | to be cold, PNEM | ||
| 140 | dry
|
*tahay | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 141 | wet | *basaq | |||
| 142 | heavy | *bɨqgat | |||
| 143 | fire | *atulun | PSEM | ||
| 144 | to burn
|
*sunug | |||
| 145 | smoke
|
*ɨbɨl | PSEM | ||
| 146 | ash | *abu | |||
| 147 | black | *itɨm | |||
| 148 | white | *putiq | |||
| 149 | red | *pula | |||
| 150 | yellow | *dalag | |||
| 150 | yellow | *lalag | |||
| 151 | green | *hilaw | PNEM | ||
| 152 | small | *gamay | PNEM | ||
| 153 | big | *dakulaq | |||
| 154 | short
|
*hayupuq | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 155 | long
|
*habaq | |||
| 156 | thin
|
*nipis | |||
| 157 | thick
|
|
|||
| 158 | narrow |
|
|||
| 159 | wide | *luqag | PNEM | ||
| 160 | painful, sick | *sakit | 1 | ||
| 161 | shy, ashamed |
|
|||
| 162 | old
|
*laqas | PNEM | ||
| 163 | new | *baq'gu | |||
| 164 | good | *dayaw | |||
| 165 | bad, evil | *raqat | |||
| 166 | correct, true |
|
|||
| 167 | night |
|
|||
| 168 | day | *adlaw | |||
| 169 | year | *tuqig | |||
| 169 | year | *tahɨn | PNEM | ||
| 170 | when?
|
|
|||
| 171 | to hide
|
*taguq | |||
| 172 | to climb
|
*panik | |||
| 172 | to climb
|
*dalag | PNEM | ||
| 172 | to climb
|
*sa'ka | to climb a hill, PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 173 | at |
|
|||
| 174 | in, inside | *sɨlɨd | |||
| 175 | above | *ba'baw | top of, surface of | ||
| 176 | below | *dalɨm | |||
| 177 | this |
|
|||
| 178 | that | *iyan | PCEM, PNEM | ||
| 179 | near | *lapit | PSEM | ||
| 179 | near | *rapit | PCEM | ||
| 180 | far | *(ha)rayuq | |||
| 181 | where?
|
*haqin | |||
| 181 | where?
|
*diqin | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 182 | I | *aku | |||
| 183 | thou | *ikaw | |||
| 184 | he/she |
|
|||
| 185 | we
|
*kita | 1 | ||
| 186 | you | *ka'mu | |||
| 187 | they |
|
|||
| 188 | what?
|
*unu | |||
| 189 | who?
|
*siqnu | |||
| 190 | other | *laqin | PCEM, PNEM | 2 | |
| 191 | all |
|
|||
| 192 | and |
|
|||
| 193 | if | *kun | |||
| 193 | if | *kuŋ | |||
| 194 | how?
|
*unuhun | PNEM | ||
| 195 | no, not |
|
|||
| 196 | to count | *bilaŋ | 2 | ||
| 196 | to count | *ihap | PCEM, PNEM | 2 | |
| 197 | One
|
*isa | 1 | ||
| 198 | Two
|
*duha | 1 | ||
| 199 | Three
|
*tulu | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 200 | Four
|
*upat | |||
| 201 | Five
|
*lima | 1 | ||
| 202 | Six
|
*ɨnɨm | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 203 | Seven
|
*pitu | 1 | ||
| 204 | Eight
|
*walu | PNEM, PSEM | 3 | |
| 205 | Nine
|
*siyam | PNEM, PSEM | ||
| 206 | Ten
|
|
|||
| 207 | Twenty
|
*ruhaq | PNEM | ||
| 208 | Fifty
|
|
|||
| 209 | One Hundred
|
*gatus | |||
| 210 | One Thousand
|
*libu | PCEM, PNEM |




